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  4. Air-Stable n-i-p Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals as Sole Hole-Transporting Material
 
research article

Air-Stable n-i-p Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Nickel Oxide Nanocrystals as Sole Hole-Transporting Material

Tirado, Juan
•
Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel
•
Roldan-Carmona, Cristina  
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July 1, 2019
Acs Applied Energy Materials

Development of low-cost solution processable inorganic hole-transporting materials (HTM) in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still a challenge toward stable and cost-effective devices. Here, we report the synthesis, surface functionalization, and application of hydrophobic nickel oxide nanocrystals (ho-NiOx) as HTM in planar n-i-p PSCs. The morphological and electrical properties of ho-NiOx layers were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and conductivity measurements as well as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements. Compared to the state-of-the-art Spiro-OMeTAD, our results suggested a better energy band alignment between ho-NiOx and (FAPbI(3))(0.78)(MAPbBr(3))(0.14)(CsPbI3)(0.08) perovskite. Noticeably, ho-NiOx-based devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.71% and a stabilized power output (SPO) of 10.99%, the best performance reported so far employing NiOx as the sole top transport layer. Notably, a low photovoltage suggests that the V-oc could be enhanced by reducing possible recombination paths at the perovskite/HTM interface. Moreover, unencapsulated PSC employing ho-NiOx exhibited an outstanding stability under high moisture levels (similar to 65% RH) retaining similar to 90% of initial PCE after 1008 h of fabrication, paving the way toward scalable and solution processed fully inorganic blocking layer PSCs.

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