Martensitic crystallography plays a vital role in the texture evolution and mechanical properties in Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys when subjected to deformation. However, their microstructural changes during deformation are not well known and understood. In this study, we systematically investigate the stress-induced change of the microstructure of NiTi shape memory alloy under compression using the electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique, and more specifically the variant reorientation, the evolution of textures, and the formation of twins. The EBSD maps reveal that upon strain the martensite morphologies shift from needle to block and their orientations are strongly reinforced along the loading axis. To quantify these microstructural changes, we used the Interaction Work (IW) associated with the lattice distortion of single variant, which pro -vides a good fit with the experimental observation. A strong dependence of reorientation on the pre-textures of the parent B2 grains was also put in evidence. Other plasticity sources were confirmed such as dislocations and deformation twins. The calculations indicate that, for some specific orientations of parent grains, the active deformation twins could be easier for {011}M twin than that of (201)M deformation twin, whereas other ori-entations only favor the (201)M deformation twin.