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research article

Abnormal fear conditioning and amygdala processing in an animal model of autism

Markram, Kamila  
•
Rinaldi, Tania  
•
La Mendola, Deborah
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2008
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology

A core feature of autism spectrum disorders is the impairment in social interactions. Among other brain regions, a deficit in amygdala processing has been suggested to underlie this impairment, but whether the amygdala is processing fear abnormally in autism, is yet not clear. We used the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of autism to (a) screen for autism-like symptoms in rats, (b) test for alterations in amygdala-dependent fear processing, and (c) evaluate neuronal reactivity and synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala by means of in vitro single-cell electrophysiological recordings. VPA-treated animals displayed several symptoms common to autism, among them impaired social interactions and increased repetitive behaviors. Furthermore, VPA-treated rats were more anxious and exhibited abnormally high and longer lasting fear memories, which were overgeneralized and harder to extinguish. On the cellular level, the amygdala was hyperreactive to electrical stimulation and displayed boosted synaptic plasticity as well as a deficit in inhibition. We show for the first time enhanced, overgeneralized and resistant conditioned fear memories in an animal model of autism. Such hyperfear could be caused by the hyperreactivity and hyperplasticity found in the lateral amygdala, which may in turn be due to a deficit in the inhibitory system of the amygdala. We hypothesize an 'aversive world' syndrome that could, even if not a primary cause of the disorder itself, underlie some core symptoms in autism, such as impairments in social interactions and resistance to rehabilitation

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1038/sj.npp.1301453
Web of Science ID

WOS:000253090900019

Author(s)
Markram, Kamila  
Rinaldi, Tania  
La Mendola, Deborah
Sandi, Carmen  
Markram, Henry  
Date Issued

2008

Publisher

Nature Publishing Group

Published in
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume

33

Issue

4

Start page

901

End page

12

Note

Author address: Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LNMC  
LGC  
Available on Infoscience
February 27, 2008
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/19382
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