The paper presents the results of an experimental research devoted to investigate the response to suction variations of a scaly clay in compacted and reconstituted conditions. Different experimental techniques (axis translation, vapour equilibrium, dew point psychrometer suction measurements) were combined in order to explore the water retention properties in a wide suction range (0 divided by 110 MPa). Experimental results allowed to define the water retention domains for a constant reference void ratio, highlighting the significant role of the microstructure on the response of the investigated clays. In particular, the collected results showed that in the low-medium suction range, the peculiar microstructural features give to the reconstituted clay a better retention capability than the compacted clay. However, the increasing suction induces a significative volumetric shrinkage on the saturated reconstituted clay, especially when the latter is initially normally consolidated. On the other hand, quite similar retention properties were recognized in the high suction range.