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  4. Linear Electro-optic Effect in Silicon Nitride Waveguides Enabled by Electric-Field Poling
 
research article

Linear Electro-optic Effect in Silicon Nitride Waveguides Enabled by Electric-Field Poling

Zabelich, Boris  
•
Nitiss, Edgars  
•
Stroganov, Anton
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October 10, 2022
Acs Photonics

Stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the most mature integrated photonic platforms for linear and nonlinear optical applications on-chip. However, because it is a centrosymmetric material, second-order nonlinear processes are inherently not available in Si3N4, limiting its use for multiple classical and quantum applications. In this work, we implement thermally assisted electric-field poling, which allows charge carrier separation in the waveguide core, leading to a depletion zone formation and the inscription of a strong electric field reaching 20 V/mu m. The latter results in an effective second-order susceptibility (chi((2))) inside the Si3N4 waveguide, making linear electro-optic modulation accessible on the platform for the first time. We develop a numerical model for simulating the poling process inside the waveguide and use it to calculate the diffusion coefficient and the concentration of the charge carriers responsible for the field formation. The charge carrier concentration, as well as the waveguide core size, is found to play a significant role in determining the achievable effective nonlinearity experienced by the optical mode inside the waveguide. Current findings establish a strong groundwork for further advancement of chi((2))-based devices on Si3N4.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00888
Web of Science ID

WOS:000868173900001

Author(s)
Zabelich, Boris  
Nitiss, Edgars  
Stroganov, Anton
Bres, Camille-Sophie  
Date Issued

2022-10-10

Published in
Acs Photonics
Volume

9

Issue

10

Start page

3374

End page

3383

Subjects

Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

•

Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

•

Optics

•

Physics, Applied

•

Physics, Condensed Matter

•

Science & Technology - Other Topics

•

Materials Science

•

Physics

•

stoichiometric silicon nitride

•

nonlinear optics

•

electric-field poling

•

phase modulation

•

dc kerr effect

•

2nd-harmonic generation

•

dc kerr

•

2nd-order nonlinearity

•

strained silicon

•

optical-fibers

•

modulation

•

dynamics

•

gratings

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

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November 7, 2022
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/191893
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