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research article

3LP: a linear 3D-walking model including torso and swing dynamics

Faraji, Salman  
•
Ijspeert, Auke  
2017
The International Journal of Robotics Research

In this paper, we present a new mechanical model for biped locomotion, composed of three linear pendulums (one per leg and one for the whole upper body) to describe stance, swing and torso dynamics. In addition to a double support phase, this model has different actuation possibilities in the swing hip and stance ankle which produce a broad range of walking gaits. Without the need of numerical time-integration, closed form solutions help to find periodic gaits which could simply scale in certain dimensions to modulate the motion online. Thanks to linearity properties, the proposed model can potentially provide a computationally fast platform for model predictive controllers to predict the future and consider meaningful inequality constraints to ensure feasibility of the motion. Such property is coming from describing dynamics with joint torques directly and therefore, reflecting hardware limitations more precisely, even in the very abstract template space. The proposed model produces human-like torque and ground reaction force profiles, and thus, compared to point-mass models, it is more promising for generation of dynamic walking trajectories. Despite being linear and lacking many features of human walking like CoM excursion, knee flexion, and ground clearance, we show that the proposed model can explain one of the main optimality trends in human walking, i.e. the nonlinear speed-frequency relationship. In this paper, we mainly focus on describing the model and its capabilities, comparing it with human data and calculating optimal human gait variables. Setting up control problems and advanced biomechanical analysis remains for future works.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1177/0278364917708248
Web of Science ID

WOS:000402457000004

Author(s)
Faraji, Salman  
•
Ijspeert, Auke  
Date Issued

2017

Publisher

Sage Publications Ltd

Published in
The International Journal of Robotics Research
Volume

36

Issue

4

Start page

436

End page

455

Subjects

Bipedal Walking

•

Template model

•

Human-Like

•

3D

•

Linear model

URL

URL

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0278364917708248
Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
BIOROB  
Available on Infoscience
May 13, 2016
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/126126
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