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research article

The shapes of physical trefoil knots

Johanns, Paul  
•
Grandgeorge, Paul  
•
Baek, Changyeob
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January 16, 2021
Extreme Mechanics Letters

We perform a compare-and-contrast investigation between the equilibrium shapes of physical and ideal trefoil knots, both in closed and open configurations. Ideal knots are purely geometric abstractions for the tightest configuration tied in a perfectly flexible, self-avoiding tube with an inextensible centerline and undeformable cross-sections. Here, we construct physical realizations of tight trefoil knots tied in an elastomeric rod, and use X-ray tomography and 3D finite element simulation for detailed characterization. Specifically, we evaluate the role of elasticity in dictating the physical knot’s overall shape, self-contact regions, curvature profile, and cross-section deformation. We compare the shape of our elastic knots to prior computations of the corresponding ideal configurations. Our results on tight physical knots exhibit many similarities to their purely geometric counterparts, but also some striking dissimilarities that we examine in detail. These observations raise the hypothesis that regions of localized elastic deformation, not captured by the geometric models, could act as precursors for the weak spots that compromise the strength of knotted filaments.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.eml.2021.101172
Author(s)
Johanns, Paul  
Grandgeorge, Paul  
Baek, Changyeob
Sano, Tomohiko  
Maddocks, John H.  
Reis, Pedro M.  
Date Issued

2021-01-16

Published in
Extreme Mechanics Letters
Volume

43

Article Number

101172

Subjects

Mechanics of knots

•

Geometric knot theory

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X-ray tomography

•

Finite element modeling

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

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FLEXLAB  
LCVMM  
Available on Infoscience
March 26, 2021
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/176907
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