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  4. Transporter: A 128×4 SPAD Imager with On-chip Encoder for Spiking Neural Network-based Processing
 
conference paper

Transporter: A 128×4 SPAD Imager with On-chip Encoder for Spiking Neural Network-based Processing

Lin, Yang  
•
Bruschini, Claudio  
•
Charbon, Edoardo  
June 2025
2025 International Image Sensor Workshop
2025 International Image Sensor Workshop

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used today in time-resolved imaging applications. However, traditional architectures rely on time-to-digital converters (TDCs) and histogram-based processing, leading to significant data transfer and processing challenges. Previous work based on recurrent neural networks has realized histogram-free processing. To further address these limitations, we propose a novel paradigm that eliminates TDCs by integrating in-sensor spike encoders. This approach enables preprocessing of photon arrival events in the sensor while significantly compressing data, reducing complexity, and maintaining real-time edge processing capabilities. A dedicated spike encoder folds multiple laser repetition periods, transforming phase-based spike trains into densitybased spike trains optimized for spiking neural network processing and training via backpropagation through time. As a proof of concept, we introduce Transporter, a 128×4 SPAD sensor with a per-pixel D flip-flop ring-based spike encoder, designed for intelligent active time-resolved imaging. This work demonstrates a path toward more efficient, neuromorphic SPAD imaging systems with reduced data overhead and enhanced real-time processing.

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Type
conference paper
DOI
10.60928/b1y2-hrnh
Author(s)
Lin, Yang  

EPFL

Bruschini, Claudio  

EPFL

Charbon, Edoardo  

EPFL

Date Issued

2025-06

Publisher

International Image Sensor Society

Published in
2025 International Image Sensor Workshop
Article Number

P40

Start page

372

End page

375

Subjects

SPAD

•

Spiking Neural Networks

•

Image Sensor

•

Edge AI

•

Smart Sensor

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
AQUA  
Event nameEvent acronymEvent placeEvent date
2025 International Image Sensor Workshop

IISW

Awaji Island, Hyogo, Japan

2025-06-02 - 2025-06-05

Available on Infoscience
November 11, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/255724
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