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  4. Balancing wind-power fluctuation via onsite storage under uncertainty: Power-to-hydrogen-to-power versus lithium battery
 
research article

Balancing wind-power fluctuation via onsite storage under uncertainty: Power-to-hydrogen-to-power versus lithium battery

Zhang, Yumeng  
•
Wang, Ligang  
•
Wang, Ningling
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December 1, 2019
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

Imbalance costs caused by forecasting errors are considerable for grid-connected wind farms. In order to reduce such costs, two onsite storage technologies, i.e., power-to-hydrogen-to-power and lithium battery, are investigated considering 14 uncertain technological and economic parameters. Probability density distributions of wind forecasting errors and power level are first considered to quantify the imbalance and excess wind power. Then, robust optimal sizing of the onsite storage is performed under uncertainty to maximize wind-farm profit (the net present value). Global sensitivity analysis is further carried out for parameters prioritization to highlight the key influential parameters. The results show that the profit of power-to-hydrogen-to-power case is sensitive to the hydrogen price, wind forecasting accuracy and hydrogen storage price. When hydrogen price ranges in (2, 6) (sic)/kg, installing only electrolyzer can earn profits over 100 k(sic)/MWWP in 9% scenarios with capacity below 250 kW/MWWP, under high hydrogen price (over 4 (sic)/kg); while installing only fuel cell can achieve such high profits only in 1.3% scenarios with capacity below 180 kW/MWWP. Installing both electrolyzer and fuel cell (only suggested in 22% scenarios) results in profits below 160 k(sic)/MWWP, and particularly 20% scenarios allow for a profit below 50 k(sic)/MWWP due to the contradictory effects of wind forecasting error, hydrogen and electricity price. For lithium battery, investment cost is the single highly influential factor, which should be reduced to 760 (sic)/kWh. The battery capacity is limited to 88 kW h/MWWP. For profits over 100 k(sic)/MWWP (in 3% scenarios), the battery should be with an investment cost below 510 (sic)/kWh and a depth of discharge over 63%. The power-tohydrogen-to-power case is more advantageous in terms of profitability, reliability and utilization factor (full-load operating hours), while lithium battery is more helpful to reduce the lost wind and has less environmental impact considering current hydrogen market.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.rser.2019.109465
Web of Science ID

WOS:000523392400043

Author(s)
Zhang, Yumeng  
Wang, Ligang  
Wang, Ningling
Duan, Liqiang
Zong, Yi
You, Shi
Marechal, Francois  
Van Herle, Jan  
Yang, Yongping
Date Issued

2019-12-01

Published in
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
Volume

116

Article Number

109465

Subjects

Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

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Energy & Fuels

•

Science & Technology - Other Topics

•

wind forecasting errors

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onsite storage

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lithium battery

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power-to-hydrogen-to-power

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uncertainty

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global sensitivity analysis

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renewable energy-sources

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forecast errors

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performance

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system

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optimization

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generation

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technologies

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penetration

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electricity

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integration

Note

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SCI-STI-FM  
SCI-STI-JVH  
Available on Infoscience
April 18, 2020
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/168251
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