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research article

Efficient modeling of parallel counterpoise wires using an FDTD-based transmission line approach

Duarte, Naiara
•
Alipio, Rafael
•
Vasconcellos, Felipe
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October 1, 2025
Electric Power Systems Research

This paper presents an efficient modeling approach for parallel counterpoise wires used in the tower-footing grounding systems of high-voltage transmission lines. The proposed method is based on transmission line theory, with the governing equations solved using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. The formulation incorporates frequency-dependent effects in both longitudinal impedance and shunt admittance, and its accuracy is validated through comparison with a rigorous electromagnetic model. The results show excellent agreement between the models, with deviations below 5 % across all analyzed cases, becoming negligible as soil resistivity increases. It was also observed that increasing the separation distance between the counterpoise wires leads to a reduction in both the Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and impulse impedance, although this reduction is not particularly significant, ranging from approximately 10 % to 13 % for the analyzed soil resistivities when the separation distance is increased fourfold. A novel finding of this study is that the effective length of counterpoise wires is independent of the separation distance between them, which simplifies the design process for transmission lines with varying right-of-way widths. Additionally, the developed formulation allows for the future incorporation of nonlinear effects, such as soil ionization, providing an accurate and computationally efficient tool for analyzing and designing the lightning response of grounding systems in high-voltage transmission lines.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111816
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-105005842259

Author(s)
Duarte, Naiara

Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Minas Gerais

Alipio, Rafael

Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Minas Gerais

Vasconcellos, Felipe

Universidade Federal da Bahia

Rachidi, Farhad  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Date Issued

2025-10-01

Publisher

Elsevier

Published in
Electric Power Systems Research
Volume

247

Article Number

111816

Subjects

Buried bare coupled conductors

•

Counterpoise wires

•

Finite difference time domain (FDTD)

•

Grounding modeling

•

Lightning performance

•

Transmission line theory

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SCI-STI-FR  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

CNPq

314849/2021–1,406177/2021–0

Available on Infoscience
June 3, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/251013
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