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  4. Return of ChebNet: Understanding and Improving an Overlooked GNN on Long Range Tasks
 
preprint

Return of ChebNet: Understanding and Improving an Overlooked GNN on Long Range Tasks

Hariri, Ali  
•
Alvaro Arroyo
•
Alessio Gravina
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June 10, 2025

ChebNet, one of the earliest spectral GNNs, has largely been overshadowed by Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs), which gained popularity for their simplicity and effectiveness in capturing local graph structure. Despite their success, MPNNs are limited in their ability to capture long-range dependencies between nodes. This has led researchers to adapt MPNNs through rewiring or make use of Graph Transformers, which compromises the computational efficiency that characterized early spatial message-passing architectures, and typically disregards the graph structure. Almost a decade after its original introduction, we revisit ChebNet to shed light on its ability to model distant node interactions. We find that out-of-box, ChebNet already shows competitive advantages relative to classical MPNNs and GTs on long-range benchmarks, while maintaining good scalability properties for high-order polynomials. However, we uncover that this polynomial expansion leads ChebNet to an unstable regime during training. To address this limitation, we cast ChebNet as a stable and non-dissipative dynamical system, which we coin Stable-ChebNet. Our Stable-ChebNet model allows for stable information propagation, and has controllable dynamics which do not require the use of eigendecompositions, positional encodings, or graph rewiring. Across several benchmarks, Stable-ChebNet achieves near state-of-the-art performance.

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Type
preprint
DOI
10.48550/arXiv.2506.07624
Author(s)
Hariri, Ali  

EPFL

Alvaro Arroyo

University of Oxford

Alessio Gravina

University of Pisa

Moshe Eliasof

University of Cambridge

Davide Bacciu

University of Pisa

Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

University of Cambridge

Kamyar Azizzadenesheli

Nvidia (United States)

Xiaowen Dong

University of Oxford

Vandergheynst, Pierre  

EPFL

Date Issued

2025-06-10

Publisher

arXiv

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LTS2  
Available on Infoscience
June 13, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/251298
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