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  4. The TACS Model: Understanding Primary School Teachers’ Adoption of Computer Science Pedagogical Content
 
research article

The TACS Model: Understanding Primary School Teachers’ Adoption of Computer Science Pedagogical Content

El-Hamamsy, Laila  
•
Bruno, Barbara  
•
Avry, Sunny  
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October 26, 2022
ACM Transactions on Computing Education

Context With the introduction of computer science (CS) into curricula worldwide, teachers’ adoption of CS-pedagogical content is essential to ensure the long-term success of reform initiatives. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs play a key role in this process. Unfortunately, adoption is seldom evaluated in CS-CPDs, or CPDs in general. The result is a dearth of studies i) modelling teachers’ adoption of CS-pedagogical content, or ii) investigating factors influencing the uptake of this new discipline. Both aspects are crucial to design and characterise successful CPD programs. Objectives We thus propose the Teachers’ Adoption of CS (TACS) model to investigate factors influencing the adoption of CS-pedagogical content by teachers who are following a mandatory CS-CPD program. More specifically, the model proposes that contextual factors (e.g. age, gender, and general teaching experience), prior factors (e.g. experience, and CS perception), and acceptance factors (e.g. interest, and self-efficacy) may impact teachers’ adoption of CS-pedagogical content. Methods The study included 180 grade 5-6 teachers (students aged 9-11) that were following a mandatory CS-CPD program. The CS-CPD program involved participation in three day-long sessions distributed over the 2019-2020 academic year. In between sessions, with the support of instructional coaches in the schools, teachers were encouraged, but not required, to adopt the CS-pedagogical content. Therefore, during the CPD, and employing surveys based on the TACS model, we evaluated teachers’ adoption of the proposed content and investigated how the different factors influenced it. Results At the PD-level, the results indicate that self-efficacy and interest queried during the CS-CPD are indicative of CS-pedagogical content adoption. To shed more light on the relationship between these metrics, a more in-depth analysis was conducted with n=92 teachers whose responses could be matched between sessions. While interest relates to how teachers adopt CS-pedagogical content overall, both interest and self-efficacy are necessary to ensure the likelihood of a specific activity being adopted. Finally, individual teacher characteristics appear to impact adoption, with teachers with low ICT experience requiring onboarding, while middle-aged teachers require convincing to adopt CS-pedagogical content. Conclusion Three takeaways emerge from the study. First, the analyses confirm the foundation of the TACS model. Second, the findings establish the key role that interest plays in said model. Finally, the results support the relationship between the contextual, prior and acceptance factors on the adoption of primary school CS-pedagogical content.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1145/3569587
Author(s)
El-Hamamsy, Laila  
Bruno, Barbara  
Avry, Sunny  
Chessel-Lazzarotto, Frédérique  
Dehler Zufferey, Jessica  
Mondada, Francesco  
Date Issued

2022-10-26

Published in
ACM Transactions on Computing Education
Subjects

Adoption

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pedagogical content

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teacher professional development

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Computer Science Education

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primary school

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formal learning environments

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SCI-STI-FMO1  
SCI-IC-FMO2  
AVP-E-LEARN  
RelationRelated workURL/DOI

IsSupplementedBy

Dataset for the validation of a Computational Thinking test for upper primary school (grades 3-4)

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/193138

IsSupplementedBy

Dataset for the publication "The TACS Model: Understanding Teachers' Adoption of Computer Science Pedagogical Content in Primary School"

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/193141
Available on Infoscience
October 28, 2022
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/191683
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