This study aimed to evaluate the association of the neighborhood environment with the spatio-temporal dependence of tobacco consumption and changes in smoking-related behaviors in a Swiss urban area.

Data were obtained from the CoLaus cohort (2003-2006, 2009-2012, and 2014-2017) in Lausanne, Switzerland. Local Moran's I was performed to assess the spatial dependence of tobacco consumption. Prospective changes in tobacco consumption and the location of residence of participants were assessed through Cox regressions. Analyses were adjusted by individual and neighborhood data.

The neighborhood environment was spatially associated with tobacco consumption and changes in smoking-related behaviors independently of individual factors.