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conference paper

Packet Combining in Sensor Networks

Dubois-Ferrière, Henri
•
Estrin, Deborah
•
Vetterli, Martin  
2005
3rd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2005)
3rd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys 2005)

This paper presents the Simple Packet Combining (SPaC) error-correction scheme for wireless sensor networks. Nodes buffer corrupt packets, and when two or more corrupt versions of a packet have been received, a packet combining procedure attempts to recover the original packet from the corrupt copies. Packet combining exploits the broadcast medium and spatial diversity of a multi-hop wireless network by using packets overheard at any node, in addition to the next-hop destination of the packet itself. Unlike point-to-point forward error correction (FEC), packet combining therefore helps multi-node interactions such as multi-hop routing or broadcasting as well as to hop-by-hop communication. Also, SPaC does not transmit redundant overhead on good links and does not require costly probes to estimate channel conditions. We have implemented SPaC as a link-layer extension on sensor nodes; it is transparent to upper layer protocols and has low memory and CPU footprints. We evaluate performance through a combination of analysis, trace-driven simulation, indoor and outdoor testbed micro-benchmarks, and deployment on a live network. The results show significant performance gains, even when accounting for the energy cost of CPU processing. We also present detailed bit-level link measurements and the design and evaluation of a new preamble detection scheme motivated by these measurements.

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