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research article

Inter-discharge optimization for fast, reliable access to ASDEX Upgrade advanced tokamak scenario

Van Mulders, Simon  
•
Sauter, O  orcid-logo
•
Bock, A.
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February 1, 2024
Nuclear Fusion

Rapid inter-discharge simulation and optimization using the RAPTOR code have allowed the development of a reliable and reproducible early heating strategy for an advanced tokamak (AT) scenario on ASDEX Upgrade. Solving for electron heat and current diffusion in RAPTOR with ad-hoc formulas for heat transport and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency is found to robustly recover the coupled dynamics of T-e and q, while maintaining model parameters fixed for all discharges. The pedestal top boundary condition in pre-shot simulations is set by a newly derived scaling law for the electron pressure at rho = 0.8, using a data set of previous AT discharges. RAPTOR simulations have allowed to develop an understanding of the onset of 3/2 tearing modes, which were observed to have a detrimental impact on confinement when low magnetic shear conditions are present at the rational surface during the high-beta phase. Delaying the NBI heating, by a specific time interval found via simulations, has led to avoiding these modes. A non-linear optimization scheme has been applied to optimize the ECCD deposition radii to reach a stationary state with q(min) > 1 at the beginning of the flat-top phase, while ensuring a non-zero magnetic shear at q = 1.5 throughout the high-beta phase, and has been successfully tested in experiment. However, further experiments, aiming for q(min) > 1.5, have highlighted limitations of the present feedforward control approach in the presence of shot-to-shot variations that are not included in the applied model. Application of real-time model-based control is proposed to overcome model-reality mismatches in future work.

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Van_Mulders_2024_Nucl._Fusion_64_026021.pdf

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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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openaccess

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CC BY

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47472b0cd1019fbdc399ab11f4142d21

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