A search for time-dependent violation of the charge-parity symmetry in D-0 -> K+K- and D-0 -> pi(+)pi(-) decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded from 2015 to 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb(-1). The D-0 meson is required to originate from a D*(2010)(+) -> D-0 pi(+) decay, such that its flavor at production is identified by the charge of the accompanying pion. The slope of the time-dependent asymmetry of the decay rates of D-0 and (D) over bar (0) mesons into the final states under consideration is measured to be Delta YK+K- = (-2.3 +/- 1.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-40), Delta Y pi(+)pi(-) = (-4.0 +/- 2.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(-4), where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are compatible with the conservation of the charge-parity symmetry at the level of 2 standard deviations and improve the precision by nearly a factor of 2.