000232106 001__ 232106 000232106 005__ 20181203024842.0 000232106 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1523/ENEURO.0241-17.2017 000232106 037__ $$aARTICLE 000232106 245__ $$aAction Monitoring Cortical Activity Coupled to Submovements 000232106 269__ $$a2017 000232106 260__ $$c2017 000232106 336__ $$aJournal Articles 000232106 520__ $$aNumerous studies have examined neural correlates of the human brain’s action-monitoring system during experimentally segmented tasks. However, it remains unknown how such a system operates during continuous motor output when no experimental time marker is available (such as button presses or stimulus onset). We set out to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of action monitoring when hand position has to be repeatedly monitored and corrected. For this, we recorded high-density electroencephalography (EEG) during a visuomotor tracking task during which participants had to follow a target with the mouse cursor along a visible trajectory. By decomposing hand kinematics into naturally occurring periodic submovements, we found an event-related potential (ERP) time-locked to these submovements and localized in a sensorimotor cortical network comprising the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the precentral gyrus. Critically, the amplitude of the ERP correlated with the deviation of the cursor, 110 ms before the submovement. Control analyses showed that this correlation was truly due to the cursor deviation and not to differences in submovement kinematics or to the visual content of the task. The ERP closely resembled those found in response to mismatch events in typical cognitive neuroscience experiments. Our results demonstrate the existence of a cortical process in the SMA, evaluating hand position in synchrony with submovements. These findings suggest a functional role of submovements in a sensorimotor loop of periodic monitoring and correction and generalize previous results from the field of action monitoring to cases where action has to be repeatedly monitored. 000232106 6531_ $$aEEG 000232106 6531_ $$aerror 000232106 6531_ $$akinematics 000232106 6531_ $$amonitoring 000232106 6531_ $$asubmovements 000232106 6531_ $$asupplementary motor area 000232106 700__ $$0246966$$g160555$$aPereira, Michael Eric Anthony 000232106 700__ $$0246009$$g220790$$aSobolewski, Aleksander 000232106 700__ $$aMillán, José del R.$$g149175$$0240030 000232106 773__ $$j4$$teNeuro$$k5$$q1-12 000232106 909C0 $$xU12103$$0252018$$pCNBI 000232106 909CO $$pSTI$$particle$$ooai:infoscience.tind.io:232106 000232106 917Z8 $$x160555 000232106 937__ $$aEPFL-ARTICLE-232106 000232106 973__ $$rREVIEWED$$sPUBLISHED$$aEPFL 000232106 980__ $$aARTICLE