PurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts are originated from various sources including instability of an magnetic resonance (MR) system, patient motion, inhomogeneities of gradient fields, and so on. Such MRI artifacts are usually considered as irreversible, so additional artifact-free scan or navigator scan is necessary. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a novel compressed sensing-based approach for removal of various MRI artifacts. TheoryRecently, the annihilating filter based low-rank Hankel matrix approach was proposed. The annihilating filter based low-rank Hankel matrix exploits the duality between the low-rankness of weighted Hankel structured matrix and the sparsity of signal in a transform domain. Because MR artifacts usually appeared as sparse k-space components, the low-rank Hankel matrix from underlying artifact-free k-space data can be exploited to decompose the sparse outliers. MethodsThe sparse+low-rank decomposition framework using Hankel matrix was proposed for removal of MRI artifacts. Alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm was employed for the minimization of associated cost function with the initialized matrices from a factorization-based matrix completion. ResultsExperimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can correct MR artifacts including herringbone (crisscross), motion, and zipper artifacts without image distortion. ConclusionThe proposed method may be a robust correction solution for various MRI artifacts that can be represented as sparse outliers. Magn Reson Med 78:327-340, 2017. (c) 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine