The invention provides for a bioactive composition comprising solid particles, such as e.g. calcium phosphate particles, loaded with an active agent, preferably an osteoconductive/osteoinductive agent or an anti-resorptive agent like a bisphosphonate. The drug-loaded particles are included into a carrier that is preferably composed of a polymeric matrix, such as for instance a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel. The composition is particularly useful for the treatment of bone defects, including dental-related pathological conditions, and particularly for bone regeneration/healing. The composition can be applied and/or injected directly in situ to perform its action on the bone defect. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the bioactive composition is also disclosed herein.