Detection of bacteria based on the thermomechanical noise of a nanomechanical resonator: origin of the response and detection limits
We have measured the effect of bacteria adsorption on the resonant frequency of microcantilevers as a function of the adsorption position and vibration mode. The resonant frequencies were measured from the Brownian fluctuations of the cantilever tip. We found that the sign and amount of the resonant frequency change is determined by the position and extent of the adsorption on the cantilever with regard to the shape of the vibration mode. To explain these results, a theoretical one-dimensional model is proposed. We obtain analytical expressions for the resonant frequency that accurately fit the data obtained by the finite element method. More importantly, the theory data shows a good agreement with the experiments. Our results indicate that there exist two opposite mechanisms that can produce a significant resonant frequency shift: the stiffness and the mass of the bacterial cells. Based on the thermomechanical noise, we analyse the regions of the cantilever of lowest and highest sensitivity to the attachment of bacteria. The combination of high vibration modes and the confinement of the adsorption to defined regions of the cantilever allows the detection of single bacterial cells by only measuring the Brownian fluctuations. This study can be extended to smaller cantilevers and other biological systems such as proteins and nucleic acids.
2008
19
3
035503
Tamayo, J CSIC, IMM CNM, Natl Ctr Microelect, BioNanoMech Lab, Issac Newton 8 PTM, E-28760 Madrid, Spain CSIC, IMM CNM, Natl Ctr Microelect, BioNanoMech Lab, E-28760 Madrid, Spain Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, STI IMM LMIS1, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland CSIC, CNB, Dept Immunol & Oncol, Genom Funct Unit, E-28049 Madrid, Spain, 259UZ, Times Cited:2, Cited References Count:24
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