By simply heating a toluene soln. of isocyanoacetamide, amine, and aldehyde, a clean three-component reaction occurred to provide the 6-azaindolines and pyrrolidinone-fused 6-azaindolines. E.g., heating a mixt. of morpholine, heptanal, and isocyanoacetamide I gave 61% 6-azaindoline II. In this multicomponent reaction, the isocyanoacetamide reacted four times in a highly ordered manner creating three heterocyclic rings with the concurrent formation of five chem. bonds and a minimal loss of mol. wt. Heating is the only external energy required to promote this powerful complexity-generating MCR. [on SciFinder (R)]