The research progress of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious (UHPFRC) composite material composite steel bridge decks was summarized and analyzed from three aspects, including the material selection for the high resilience composite layer, interface force transfer mechanism and damage accumulation mechanism, and design method and engineering practice. The effects of fiber type and fiber content on the axial tensile and flexural properties of the UHPFRC were summarized. Several constitutive models were determined for the structural analysis of the composite steel bridge deck. Technical characteristics were compared and analyzed for the interface design methods adopting hot, cold, and hybrid connections. The experimental and theoretical achievements in the force transfer mechanism of adhesive interface, shear connector interface with cold connection, and hybrid connection interface were summarized. The research results of rational configuration, design method, specification, and engineering practice were summarized for the composite steel bridge deck based on the cold connection design concept. The innovation and development directions of long lasting composite steel bridge decks were also discussed. Research results show that the addition of single or hybrid fibers can comprehensively improve the strain strengthening ability, flexural deformation ability, fracture resistance, crack width control ability, and fatigue resistance of the UHPFRC. The simplified three-linear constitutive model of UHPFRC under the axial tension powerfully supports the design and calculation of steel bridge decks. The elastoplastic damage constitutive model can describe the irreversible fatigue damage accumulation. The toughening effect and reliability of the composite interface with cold connection arc verified. The innovative shear connector can both improve the composition effect and toughen the UHPFRC layer. The hybrid connection interface has comprehensive technical advantages such as reducing the local stress concentration, improving the overall shear stiffness, improving the force transfer of the interface, and enhancing the construction efficiency. The cohesive interface constitutive model can realize the inversion analysis of the cumulative damage of interface with cold connection, and the interface damage prediction results arc accurate and reliable. The UHPFRC composite steel bridge deck based on the cold connection can effectively improve the local stiffness of the steel bridge deck. The related design method can support the formulation of standards and engineering practices. The cost effectiveness of the UHPFRC, as well as the efficiency and reliability of the interface connection should be improved, so as to support the design and construction of composite steel bridge decks with long life, high resilience, lightweight, easy maintenance, and low energy consumption. 15 figs, 79 refs.