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bachelor thesis

Introducing TRC to Tanzania A Prototype Design for a Secondary School as a Medium for Collaborative Knowledge Transfer

Neff, Clara
August 15, 2025

This bachelor thesis investigates the potential of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) in combination with Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3) for the design of a prototype secondary school on the Mwalimu Nyerere Main Campus of the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). The research explores TRC not only as a structural solution but also as a driver for sustainable, climate-responsive, and socially embedded architecture in the context of the Global South. The methodology integrates three complementary approaches: participation in the TRC Pavilion workshop in Fribourg to gain hands-on experience with prefabricated TRC elements; expert interviews to incorporate material, structural, and socio-cultural insights; and an iterative design process based on pre-dimensioning calculations and climatic analysis. The design is rooted in the specific conditions of Dar es Salaam’s hot-humid tropical climate, the reuse of existing foundations on the site of the former Milmani Secondary School, and the integration of passive climatic strategies.

The resulting prototype proposes a hybrid building system combining TRC vaults, beams, joists, and columns with adobe brick walls, bamboo and makuti shading elements, and LC3-based foundations. Passive ventilation concepts are embedded in the double-vault system and shaded patios, while adobe walls provide both thermal mass and acoustic comfort. The architectural concept is defined by a porous 76,5 × 75,5m building complex that merges enclosed classrooms with open and semiopen circulation spaces.

Social participation forms a core aspect of the project. Architecture students from UDSM and local craftspeople are integrated into the design and construction processes, contributing to TRC element production, bamboo weaving, and welding of window and door frames. A factory on site is planned as a platform for participatory experimentation, including the testing of different textile reinforcements for TRC.

The findings suggest that TRC-LC3 systems can significantly reduce material consumption and embodied CO2 emissions while supporting local resource use and knowledge transfer. The prototype highlights both opportunities and limitations: while TRC enables slender, durable structures and LC3 provides a low-carbon alternative to conventional cement, further structural calculations, cost analysis, and standardisation are required before large-scale application.

By bridging material research, structural innovation, climatic adaptation, and participatory practice, this thesis contributes to ongoing debates on sustainable construction in sub-Saharan Africa. The project demonstrates how advanced composites and traditional building practices can converge to generate resilient, socially embedded, and climate appropriate architecture for educational facilities in development contexts.

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