Spatial frequency modulated imaging (SPIFI) employs a structured line-shaped illumination, able to resolve beyond conventional resolution limits for coherent light with high speed. It produces image harmonics, with each order carrying a higher resolution. To date this method used rotating reticles to produce the necessary structured illumination, limiting image acquisition to about 100 μs. Here, we introduce a single-shot approach. We show that a super-resolved 1D image can be acquired with a single femtosecond pulse, with potential acquisition rates in the tens of kHz.