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research article

Visual extensions and anomaly detection in the pNEUMA experiment with a swarm of drones

Kim, Sohyeong  
•
Anagnostopoulos, Georg  
•
Barmpounakis, Emmanouil  
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February 1, 2023
Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies

The usage of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in traffic monitoring has advantages such as broader vision, flexibility, privacy, and cost-efficiency compared to other traffic monitoring sensors like loop detectors or fixed surveillance cameras. UAS has been instrumental in the recent pNEUMA experiment, where a swarm of drones collected a large-scale urban traffic dataset containing vehicle trajectories. These trajectory data are subject to challenges such as noise due to visual restrictions, perspective distortions, and human-induced errors. While the pNEUMA dataset is missing its imagery part, we present an extended version of it named pNEUMA Vision, which incorporates imagery data and annotations of vehicles in the form of image coordinates along with newly added vehicle trajectory features like azimuth. Moreover, we demonstrate that visually restricted trajectories are also highly prone to become anomalies, and vice-versa, through novel anomaly detection proposed in this literature. Specifically, we distinguish between stationary and non-stationary errors and argue that the latter account for the largest part of the noise. Furthermore, we analyze the new visual dataset with two different computer vision methods for estimating the number of vehicles on the roads from the input images. Particularly, we show that using a density map to count vehicles from drone images achieves comparable results to conventional vehicle counting methods via detection. Results show that the time-space diagrams plotted from density map predictions could identify the congested urban roads' queues better than a widely used vehicle detection method.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1016/j.trc.2022.103966
Web of Science ID

WOS:000973022900001

Author(s)
Kim, Sohyeong  
Anagnostopoulos, Georg  
Barmpounakis, Emmanouil  
Geroliminis, Nikolas  
Date Issued

2023-02-01

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

Published in
Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies
Volume

147

Article Number

103966

Subjects

Transportation Science & Technology

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Transportation

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urban traffic dataset

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traffic density estimation

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traffic anomaly detection

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image processing

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signal processing

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functional data analysis

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time estimation

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vehicles

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LUTS  
Available on Infoscience
May 22, 2023
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/197698
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