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  4. No-Regret Learning in Stackelberg Games with an Application to Electric Ride-Hailing
 
conference paper

No-Regret Learning in Stackelberg Games with an Application to Electric Ride-Hailing

Maddux, Anna Maria  
•
Maljkovic, Marko  
•
Geroliminis, Nikolaos  
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December 9, 2025
2025 IEEE 64th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
2025 IEEE 64th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

We consider the problem of efficiently learning to play single-leader multi-follower Stackelberg games when the leader lacks knowledge of the lower-level game. Such games arise in hierarchical decision-making problems involving self-interested agents. For example, in electric ride-hailing markets, a central authority aims to learn optimal charging prices to shape fleet distributions and charging patterns of ride-hailing companies. Existing works typically apply gradient-based methods to find the leader’s optimal strategy. Such methods are impractical as they require that the followers share private utility information with the leader. Instead, we treat the lower-level game as a black box, assuming only that the followers’ interactions approximate a Nash equilibrium while the leader observes the realized cost of the resulting approximation. Under kernel-based regularity assumptions on the leader’s cost function, we develop a no-regret algorithm that converges to an ϵ-Stackelberg equilibrium in O(√T) rounds. Finally, we validate our approach through a numerical case study on optimal pricing in electric ride-hailing markets.

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Type
conference paper
DOI
10.1109/cdc57313.2025.11312071
Author(s)
Maddux, Anna Maria  

EPFL

Maljkovic, Marko  

EPFL

Geroliminis, Nikolaos  

EPFL

Kamgarpour, Maryam  

EPFL

Date Issued

2025-12-09

Publisher

IEEE

Published in
2025 IEEE 64th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)
DOI of the book
10.1109/CDC57313.2025
Start page

4009

End page

4014

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SYCAMORE  
LUTS  
Event nameEvent acronymEvent placeEvent date
2025 IEEE 64th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2025-12-09 - 2025-12-12

FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

Swiss National Science Foundation

565 776

Swiss National Science Foundation

565422

Available on Infoscience
January 15, 2026
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/258032
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