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research article

Skin-like drift-free biosensors with stretchable diode-connected organic field-effect transistors

Zhao, Chuanzhen
•
Park, Jaeho
•
Maulà, Desirée  
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2025
Nature Electronics

Biosensors based on organic field-effect transistors can offer mechanical flexibility, stretchability and operational stability for conformal on-skin monitoring. However, bending, stretching, moisture and temperature changes can lead to signal artefacts and drifts. Here we report skin-like drift-free biosensors based on stretchable diode-connected organic field-effect transistors. Our approach relies on capacitive coupling and the subtraction of interference signals using two extended gates functionalized separately with target and reference bioreceptors. It reduces signal distortion by up to two orders of magnitude compared with an unconnected organic field-effect transistor, despite changes in the sampling environment, including bias stress instability, uniaxial strain (up to 100%), compression (up to 50 mN) and temperature variations (25–40 °C). We apply the approach to aptamer-based sensing for cortisol, enzyme-based sensing for glucose and ion-selective membrane-based potentiometric sensing for sodium ions. We also develop a hybrid wearable system, including soft sensors and a flexible printed circuit board, which wirelessly communicates with a smartphone app. We show that the system can perform cortisol sensing from human sweat under acute stress events.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1038/s41928-025-01465-4
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-105017918828

Author(s)
Zhao, Chuanzhen

Stanford Engineering

Park, Jaeho

Stanford Engineering

Maulà, Desirée  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Yuan, Yujia

Stanford Engineering

Zhong, Donglai

Stanford Engineering

Wang, Weichen

Stanford Engineering

Liu, Qianhe

Stanford Engineering

Xu, Changhao

Stanford Engineering

Zheng, Yu

Stanford Engineering

Mow, Rachael K.

Stanford University

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Date Issued

2025

Published in
Nature Electronics
Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LSBI  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

Bin Lin and Daisy Liu Family Fund

Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Ideation and Prototyping Lab and Stanford Wearable Electronics Initiative

Stanford University

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Available on Infoscience
October 14, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/254914
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