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research article

WEST full tungsten operation with an ITER grade divertor

Bucalossi, J.
•
Ekedahl, A.
•
Zou, X. L.
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November 1, 2024
Nuclear Fusion

The mission of WEST (tungsten-W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) is to explore long pulse operation in a full tungsten (W) environment for preparing next-step fusion devices (ITER and DEMO) with a focus on testing the ITER actively cooled W divertor in tokamak conditions. Following the successful completion of phase 1 (2016-2021), phase 2 started in December 2022 with the lower divertor made entirely of actively cooled ITER-grade tungsten mono-blocks. A boronization prior the first plasma attempt allowed for a smooth startup with the new divertor. Despite the reduced operating window due to tungsten, rapid progress has been made in long pulse operation, resulting in discharges with a pulse length of 100 s and an injected energy of around 300 MJ per discharge. Plasma startup studies were carried out with equatorial boron nitride limiters to compare them with tungsten limiters, while Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating assisted startup was attempted. High fluence operation in attached regime, which was the main thrust of the first campaigns, already showed the progressive build up of deposits and appearance of dust, impacting the plasma operation as the plasma fluence increased. In total, the cumulated injected energy during the first campaigns reached 43 GJ and the cumulated plasma time exceeded 5 h. Demonstration of controlled X-Point Radiator regime is also reported, opening a promising route for investigating plasma exhaust and plasma-wall interaction issues in more detached regime. This paper summarises the lessons learned from the manufacturing and the first operation of the ITER-grade divertor, describing the progress achieved in optimising operation in a full W environment with a focus on long pulse operation and plasma wall interaction.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ad64e5
Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85203415196

Author(s)
Bucalossi, J.

CEA Cadarache

Ekedahl, A.

CEA Cadarache

Zou, X. L.

CEA Cadarache

Achard, J.

CEA Cadarache

Afonin, K.

CEA Cadarache

Agullo, O.

Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires

Alarcon, T.

CEA Cadarache

Allegretti, L.

CEA Cadarache

Almuhisen, F.

CEA Cadarache

Ancher, H.

CEA Cadarache

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Date Issued

2024-11-01

Publisher

IOP Publishing Ltd

Published in
Nuclear Fusion
Volume

64

Issue

11

Article Number

112022

Subjects

divertor

•

ITER

•

magnetic confinement

•

nuclear fusion

•

tokamak

•

WEST

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SPC-TCV  
SPC-TH  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

European Union

101052200—EUROfusion

Available on Infoscience
January 24, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/243855
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