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  4. Puppeteer and Marionette: Learning Anticipatory Quadrupedal Locomotion Based on Interactions of a Central Pattern Generator and Supraspinal Drive
 
conference paper

Puppeteer and Marionette: Learning Anticipatory Quadrupedal Locomotion Based on Interactions of a Central Pattern Generator and Supraspinal Drive

Shafiee, Milad  
•
Bellegarda, Guillaume  
•
Ijspeert, Auke  
January 1, 2023
2023 Ieee International Conference On Robotics And Automation, Icra
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

Quadruped animal locomotion emerges from the interactions between the spinal central pattern generator (CPG), sensory feedback, and supraspinal drive signals from the brain. Computational models of CPGs have been widely used for investigating the spinal cord contribution to animal locomotion control in computational neuroscience and in bio-inspired robotics. However, the contribution of supraspinal drive to anticipatory behavior, i.e. motor behavior that involves planning ahead of time (e.g. of footstep placements), is not yet properly understood. In particular, it is not clear whether the brain modulates CPG activity and/or directly modulates muscle activity (hence bypassing the CPG) for accurate foot placements. In this paper, we investigate the interaction of supraspinal drive and a CPG in an anticipatory locomotion scenario that involves stepping over gaps. By employing deep reinforcement learning (DRL), we train a neural network policy that replicates the supraspinal drive behavior. This policy can either modulate the CPG dynamics, or directly change actuation signals to bypass the CPG dynamics. Our results indicate that the direct supraspinal contribution to the actuation signal is a key component for a high gap crossing success rate. However, the CPG dynamics in the spinal cord are beneficial for gait smoothness and energy efficiency. Moreover, our investigation shows that sensing the front feet distances to the gap is the most important and sufficient sensory information for learning gap crossing. Our results support the biological hypothesis that cats and horses mainly control the front legs for obstacle avoidance, and that hind limbs follow an internal memory based on the front limbs' information. Our method enables the quadruped robot to cross gaps of up to 20 cm (50% of body-length) without any explicit dynamics modeling or Model Predictive Control (MPC).

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Type
conference paper
DOI
10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10160706
Web of Science ID

WOS:001036713000084

Author(s)
Shafiee, Milad  
Bellegarda, Guillaume  
Ijspeert, Auke  
Corporate authors
IEEE
Date Issued

2023-01-01

Publisher

IEEE

Publisher place

New York

Published in
2023 Ieee International Conference On Robotics And Automation, Icra
ISBN of the book

979-8-3503-2365-8

Start page

1112

End page

1119

Subjects

Technology

•

Gait Transition

•

Walking

•

Robots

•

Phase

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
BIOROB  
Event nameEvent placeEvent date
IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

London, ENGLAND

MAY 29-JUN 02, 2023

FunderGrant Number

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

197237

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Available on Infoscience
March 18, 2024
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/206266
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