Wildfires, controlled burns, and biofuel combustion (biomass burning or BB) are major contributors to particulate matter in the atmosphere and thus have an impact on climate, human health, and ecosystems. Once emitted, the particulate matter derived from BB can be taken up by the oceans. However, the fate and impact of BB in the marine biological carbon pump, and carbon cycle are largely unknown. This work presents the first attempt to investigate the bioavailability of two BB tracers, levoglucosan and galactosan, in seawater inoculated with marine prokaryotes. Levoglucosan and galactosan were incubated with a marine bacterial inoculum and monitored for six weeks under controlled laboratory conditions. Along with the anhydrosugar concentrations, multiple chemical and biological parameters were monitored over time. The results indicate that levoglucosan and galactosan can be assimilated by marine prokaryotes as their concentrations decreased by 97 +/- 4 % and 36 +/- 21 % (n = 3) of their initial values. However, this decrease occurred only after a 9 and 15 days from the beginning of the experiment, respectively. The decrease in the levoglucosan and galactosan concentrations was accompanied by an increase in both heterotrophic prokaryotic production, and abundance. These results demonstrate that these anhydrosugars have the potential to be assimilated by heterotrophic prokaryotes and thus contribute to the microbial food web functioning. Under our experimental conditions, levoglucosan exhibited a bacterial growth efficiency of 17 +/- 5 % (n = 3), suggesting that most of the levoglucosan is mineralized into CO2. Prokaryotic diversity analyses revealed the predominance of a few bacterial genera from the Roseobacter clade that were selected after the addition of the anhydrosugars. The presence of this widespread marine bacterial clade reflects its ability to process semilabile compounds (here levoglucosan and galactosan) originating from BB and contribute to the dissolved organic matter pool in surface seawaters.