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research article

J1721+8842: The first Einstein zigzag lens

Dux, F.  
•
Millon, M.
•
Lemon, C.
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February 20, 2025
Astronomy & Astrophysics

We report the discovery of the first example of an Einstein zigzag lens, an extremely rare lensing configuration. In this system, J1721+8842, six images of the same background quasar are formed by two intervening galaxies, one at redshift z(1) = 0.184 and another at z(2) = 1.885. Two out of the six multiple images are deflected in opposite directions as they pass the first lens galaxy on one side and the second on the other side - the optical paths forming zigzags between the two deflectors. In this paper we demonstrate that J1721+8842, previously thought to be a lensed dual quasar, is in fact a compound lens, with the more distant lens galaxy also being distorted as an arc by the foreground galaxy. Evidence supporting this unusual lensing scenario includes: (1) identical light curves in all six lensed quasar images obtained from two years of monitoring at the Nordic Optical Telescope; (2) detection of the additional deflector at redshift z(2) = 1.885 in JWST/NIRSpec integral field unit data; and (3) a multiple-plane lens model reproducing the observed image positions. This unique configuration offers the opportunity to combine two major lensing cosmological probes, time-delay cosmography and dual source-plane lensing, since J1721+8842 features multiple lensed sources that form two distinct Einstein radii of different sizes, one of which is a variable quasar. We expect to place tight constraints on H-0 and w by combining these two probes of the same system. The z(2) = 1.885 deflector, a quiescent galaxy, is also the highest-redshift strong galaxy-scale lens with a spectroscopic redshift measurement known to date.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202452970
Web of Science ID

WOS:001426864800007

Author(s)
Dux, F.  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Millon, M.

Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain

Lemon, C.

Oskar Klein Centre

Schmidt, T.

UCLA Phys & Astron

Courbin, F.

University of Barcelona

Shajib, A. J.

University of Chicago

Treu, T.

UCLA Phys & Astron

Birrer, S.

State University of New York (SUNY) System

Wong, K. C.

University of Tokyo

Agnello, A.

Scitech Daresbury

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Date Issued

2025-02-20

Publisher

EDP SCIENCES S A

Published in
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume

694

Article Number

A300

Subjects

galaxies: evolution

•

cosmological parameters

•

cosmology: observations

•

dark energy

•

distance scale

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LASTRO  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Frderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

P500PT_203114;P5R5PT_225598

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)

787886

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Available on Infoscience
March 5, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/247391
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