Despite their simple formulation, short-range classical antiferromagnetic Ising models on frustrated lattices give rise to exotic phases of matter, in particular, due to their macroscopic ground-state degeneracy. Recent experiments on artificial spin systems comprising arrays of chirally coupled nanomagnets provide a significant strengthening of the nearest-neighbor couplings compared to systems with dipolar-coupled nanomagnets. This opens the way to design artificial spin systems emulating Ising models with nearest-neighbor couplings. In this paper, we compare the results of an extensive investigation with tensor network and Monte Carlo simulations of the nearest- and farther-neighbor (J(1) - J(2) - J(3 vertical bar vertical bar)) kagome Ising antiferromagnet with the experimental spin- spin correlations of a kagome lattice of chirally coupled nanomagnets. Even though the ratios between the farther-neighbor couplings and the nearest-neighbor coupling estimated from micromagnetic simulations are much smaller than for dipolar-coupled nanomagnets, we show that they still play an essential role in the selection of the correlations.