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  4. WARP : Revisiting GFN for Lightweight 128-Bit Block Cipher
 
conference paper

WARP : Revisiting GFN for Lightweight 128-Bit Block Cipher

Banik, Subhadeep  
•
Bao, Zhenzhen
•
Isobe, Takanori
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January 1, 2021
Selected Areas In Cryptography
27th International Conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC)

In this article, we present WARP, a lightweight 128-bit block cipher with a 128-bit key. It aims at small-footprint circuit in the field of 128-bit block ciphers, possibly for a unified encryption and decryption functionality. The overall structure of WARP is a variant of 32-nibble Type2 Generalized Feistel Network (GFN), with a permutation over nibbles designed to optimize the security and efficiency. We conduct a thorough security analysis and report comprehensive hardware and software implementation results. Our hardware results show that WARP is the smallest 128-bit block cipher for most of typical hardware implementation strategies. A serialized circuit of WARP achieves around 800 Gate Equivalents (GEs), which is much smaller than previous state-of-the-art implementations of lightweight 128-bit ciphers (they need more than 1, 000 GEs). While our primary metric is hardware size, WARP also enjoys several other features, most notably low energy consumption. This is somewhat surprising, since GFN generally needs more rounds than substitution permutation network (SPN), and thus GFN has been considered to be less advantageous in this regard. We show a multi-round implementation of WARP is quite low-energy. Moreover, WARP also performs well on software: our SIMD implementation is quite competitive to known hardwareoriented 128-bit lightweight ciphers for long input, and even much better for small inputs due to the small number of parallel blocks. On 8-bit microcontrollers, the results of our assembly implementations show that WARP is flexible to achieve various performance characteristics.

  • Details
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Type
conference paper
DOI
10.1007/978-3-030-81652-0_21
Web of Science ID

WOS:000708209700021

Author(s)
Banik, Subhadeep  
Bao, Zhenzhen
Isobe, Takanori
Kubo, Hiroyasu
Liu, Fukang
Minematsu, Kazuhiko
Sakamoto, Kosei
Shibata, Nao
Shigeri, Maki
Date Issued

2021-01-01

Publisher

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG

Publisher place

Cham

Published in
Selected Areas In Cryptography
ISBN of the book

978-3-030-81652-0

978-3-030-81651-3

Series title/Series vol.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Volume

12804

Start page

535

End page

564

Subjects

Computer Science, Information Systems

•

Computer Science, Theory & Methods

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Mathematics, Applied

•

Computer Science

•

Mathematics

•

lightweight block cipher

•

128-bit block cipher

•

generalized feistel network

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unified encryption and decryption

•

search

•

rounds

•

family

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LASEC  
Event nameEvent placeEvent date
27th International Conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC)

ELECTR NETWORK

Oct 21-23, 2020

Available on Infoscience
November 6, 2021
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/182892
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