Repository logo

Infoscience

  • English
  • French
Log In
Logo EPFL, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne

Infoscience

  • English
  • French
Log In
  1. Home
  2. Academic and Research Output
  3. Journal articles
  4. Reactions of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole with ozone: kinetics and mechanisms
 
research article

Reactions of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole with ozone: kinetics and mechanisms

Tekle-Roettering, Agnes
•
Lim, Sungeun
•
Reisz, Erika
Show more
April 1, 2020
Environmental Science-Water Research & Technology

Five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds (azoles) belong to potential moieties in complex structures where transformations during ozonation can occur. This study focused on the azole-ozone chemistry of pyrrole, imidazole, and pyrazole as model compounds. Reaction kinetics and ozonation products were determined by kinetic and analytical methods including NMR, LC-HRMS/MS, HPLC-UV, and IC-MS. Analyses of reactive oxygen species (O-1(2), & x2d9;OH, H2O2), quantum chemical computations (Gibbs energies), and kinetic simulations were used to further support the proposed reaction mechanisms. The species-specific second-order rate constants for the reactions of ozone with pyrrole and imidazole were (1.4 +/- 1.1) x 10(6) M-1 s(-1) and (2.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(5) M-1 s(-1), respectively. Pyrazole reacted more slowly with ozone at pH 7 (k(app) = (5.6 +/- 0.9) x 10(1) M-1 s(-1)). Maleimide was an identified product of pyrrole with a 34% yield. Together with other products, formate, formamide, and glyoxal, C and N mass balances of similar to 50% were achieved. Imidazole reacted with ozone to cyanate, formamide, and formate (similar to 100% yields per transformed imidazole, respectively) with a closed mass balance. For pyrazole, a high ozone : pyrazole molar stoichiometry of 4.6 was found, suggesting that the transformation products contributed to the over-stoichiometric consumption of ozone (e.g., hydroxypyrazoles). Glyoxal and formate were the only identified transformation products (C mass balance of 65%). Overall, the identified major products are suspected to hydrolyze and/or be biodegraded and thereby abated by a biological post-treatment typically following ozonation. However, as substructures of more complex compounds (e.g., micropollutants), they might be more persistent during biological post-treatment.

  • Files
  • Details
  • Metrics
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name

c9ew01078e.pdf

Access type

openaccess

License Condition

CC BY

Size

2.55 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum (MD5)

8c58fd21cd3cbe662cb707d28c2a0d60

Logo EPFL, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
  • Contact
  • infoscience@epfl.ch

  • Follow us on Facebook
  • Follow us on Instagram
  • Follow us on LinkedIn
  • Follow us on X
  • Follow us on Youtube
AccessibilityLegal noticePrivacy policyCookie settingsEnd User AgreementGet helpFeedback

Infoscience is a service managed and provided by the Library and IT Services of EPFL. © EPFL, tous droits réservés