Public-Key Encryption with Quantum Keys
In the framework of Impagliazzo's five worlds, a distinction is often made between two worlds, one where public-key encryption exists (Cryptomania), and one in which only one-way functions exist (MiniCrypt). However, the boundaries between these worlds can change when quantum information is taken into account. Recent work has shown that quantum variants of oblivious transfer and multi-party computation, both primitives that are classically in Cryptomania, can be constructed from one-way functions, placing them in the realm of quantumMiniCrypt (the so-called MiniQCrypt). This naturally raises the following question: Is it possible to construct a quantum variant of public-key encryption, which is at the heart of Cryptomania, from one-way functions or potentially weaker assumptions?|In this work, we initiate the formal study of the notion of quantum public-key encryption (qPKE), i.e., public-key encryption where keys are allowed to be quantum states. We propose new definitions of security and several constructions of qPKE based on the existence of one-way functions (OWF), or even weaker assumptions, such as pseudorandom function-like states (PRFS) and pseudorandom function-like states with proof of destruction (PRFSPD). Finally, to give a tight characterization of this primitive, we show that computational assumptions are necessary to build quantum public-key encryption. That is, we give a self-contained proof that no quantum public-key encryption scheme can provide information-theoretic security.
WOS:001160733700008
2023-01-01
978-3-031-48623-4
978-3-031-48624-1
Cham
14372
198
227
REVIEWED
Event name | Event place | Event date |
Taipei, TAIWAN | NOV 29-DEC 02, 2023 | |
Funder | Grant Number |
ANR JCJC TCS-NISQ | ANR-22-CE47-0004 |
PEPR integrated project part of Plan France 2030 | EPiQ ANR-22-PETQ-0007 |
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) | 16KISK038 |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy | EXC 2092 CASA -390781972 |
Israeli Science Foundation (ISF) | 682/18 |
Cyber Security Research Center at Ben-Gurion University | |
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) | 192364 |
European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union | 756482 |
European Union (ERC) | 101040907 |
BMBF | |
Dutch Research Council (NWO) | OCENW.KLEIN.267 |