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doctoral thesis

Architectures for Large-Pixel-Array Direct Time-of-Flight Image Sensors

Liu, Chang  
2025

We propose three different DToF image architectures. These three architectures conform to the development trend of DToF image sensors. A 128 x 128 pixel array DToF image sensor is proposed, mainly targeting medium spatial accuracy DToF image sensors. We implemented multiple clocks to help generate time information. The architecture is an excellent choice for applications requiring a spatial resolution of 300ps or higher. A 320 x 240 pixel array DToF image sensor is also proposed. The DToF image sensor combines the features of image sensors based on TDC and time gate architectures. Therefore, it has the advantages of low power consumption and a simple structure. The DToF image sensor is also the main content of the thesis. The architecture is among the best choices for image sensors with large pixel arrays and high spatial accuracy requirements at a cost of higher power consumption. Finally, a megapixel-level DToF image sensor is also proposed. The detection efficiency of the image sensor based on the architecture is very low. However, considering that the architecture can effectively lower power consumption and shrink the size of image sensors, we think that the architecture is equally important.

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Type
doctoral thesis
DOI
10.5075/epfl-thesis-10714
Author(s)
Liu, Chang  

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Advisors
Charbon, Edoardo  
Jury

Prof. Sandro Carrara (président) ; Prof. Edoardo Charbon (directeur de thèse) ; Prof. Andreas Burg, Prof. Antonio Liscidini, Prof. Andrei Nomerotski (rapporteurs)

Date Issued

2025

Publisher

EPFL

Publisher place

Lausanne

Public defense year

2025-10-29

Thesis number

10714

Total of pages

106

Subjects

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)

•

direct time-of-flight (DToF)

•

architecture

•

time gate

•

time-to-digital converter (TDC)

•

low-power-consumption image sensor

•

active quenching and recharging

•

short dead time.

EPFL units
AQUA  
Faculty
STI  
School
IMT  
Doctoral School
EDEE  
Available on Infoscience
October 27, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/255278
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