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research article

Horocyclic products of trees

Bartholdi, Laurent
•
Neuhauser, Markus
•
Woess, Wolfgang
2008
Journal Of The European Mathematical Society

Let T-1, ... , T-d be homogeneous trees with degrees q(1) + 1, ... , q(d) + 1 >= 3; respectively. For each tree, let h : Tj -> Z be the Busemann function with respect to a fixed boundary point ( end). Its level sets are the horocycles. The horocyclic product of T-1 , ... , T-d is the graph DL(q1, ... , q(d)) consisting of all d-tuples x(1) ... x(d) is an element of T-1 x ... x T-d with h(x(1)) + ... + h(x(d)) = 0, equipped with a natural neighbourhood relation. In the present paper, we explore the geometric, algebraic, analytic and probabilistic properties of these graphs and their isometry groups. If d =2 and q(1) = q(2) = q then we obtain a Cayley graph of the lamplighter group ( wreath product) 3q (sic) Z. If d = 3 and q(1) = q(2) = q(3) = q then DL is a Cayley graph of a finitely presented group into which the lamplighter group embeds naturally. In general, when d - 4 and q(1) = ... = q(d) = q is such that each prime power in the decomposition of q is larger than d 1, we show that DL is a Cayley graph of a finitely presented group. This group is of type Fd - 1, but not Fd. It is not automatic, but it is an automata group in most cases. On the other hand, when the q(j) do not all coincide, DL(q(1) , ... , q(d))is a vertex-transitive graph, but is not a Cayley graph of a finitely generated group. Indeed, it does not even admit a group action with finitely many orbits and finite point stabilizers. The l(2)-spectrum of the "simple random walk" operator on DL is always pure point. When d = 2, it is known explicitly from previous work, while for d = 3 we compute it explicitly. Finally, we determine the Poisson boundary of a large class of group-invariant random walks on DL. It coincides with a part of the geometric boundary of DL.

  • Details
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Type
research article
DOI
10.4171/JEMS/130
Web of Science ID

WOS:000257869200008

Author(s)
Bartholdi, Laurent
Neuhauser, Markus
Woess, Wolfgang
Date Issued

2008

Published in
Journal Of The European Mathematical Society
Volume

10

Start page

771

End page

816

Subjects

restricted wreath product

•

trees

•

horocycles

•

Diestel-Leader graph

•

growth function

•

normal form

•

Markov operator

•

spectrum

•

Diestel-Leader Graphs

•

Finitely Presented Group

•

Arc-Transitive Digraphs

•

Random-Walks

•

Equilateral Triangle

•

Lamplighter Groups

•

Infinite-Graphs

•

Affine Group

•

Boundary

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
SB  
Available on Infoscience
November 30, 2010
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/61187
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