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research article

Hydroelectric energy conversion of waste flows through hydroelectronic drag

Coquinot, Baptiste
•
Bocquet, Lyderic
•
Kavokine, Nikita  
October 22, 2024
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (PNAS)

Hydraulic energy is a key component of the global energy mix, yet there exists no practical way of harvesting it at small scales, from flows with low Reynolds number. This has triggered a search for alternative hydroelectric conversion methodologies, leading to unconventional proposals based on droplet triboelectricity, water evaporation, osmotic energy, or flow-induced ionic Coulomb drag. Yet, these approaches systematically rely on ions as intermediate charge carriers, limiting the achievable power density. Here, we predict that the kinetic energy of small-scale "waste" flows can be directly and efficiently converted into electricity thanks to the hydroelectronic drag effect, by which an ion-free liquid induces an electronic current in the solid wall along which it flows. This effect originates in the fluctuation-induced coupling between fluid motion and electron transport. We develop a nonequilibrium thermodynamic formalism to assess the efficiency of such hydroelectric energy conversion, dubbed hydronic energy. We find that hydronic energy conversion is analogous to thermoelectricity, with the efficiency being controlled by a dimensionless figure of merit. However, in contrast to its thermoelectric analogue, this figure of merit combines independently tunable parameters of the solid and the liquid, and can thus significantly exceed unity. Our findings suggest strategies for blue energy harvesting without electrochemistry, and for waste flow mitigation in membrane-based filtration processes.

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Type
research article
DOI
10.1073/pnas.2411613121
Web of Science ID

WOS:001350553500004

PubMed ID

39418306

Author(s)
Coquinot, Baptiste
•
Bocquet, Lyderic
•
Kavokine, Nikita  
Date Issued

2024-10-22

Publisher

National Academy of Sciences

Published in
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America (PNAS)
Volume

121

Issue

43

Article Number

e2411613121

Subjects

nanofluidics

•

energy conversion

•

solid-liquid interface

Editorial or Peer reviewed

REVIEWED

Written at

EPFL

EPFL units
LNQ  
FunderFunding(s)Grant NumberGrant URL

European Research Council project n-AQUA

101071937

Capital Fund Management Foundation

Simons Foundation

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Available on Infoscience
January 28, 2025
Use this identifier to reference this record
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/245746
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