Repository logo

Infoscience

  • English
  • French
Log In
Logo EPFL, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne

Infoscience

  • English
  • French
Log In
  1. Home
  2. Academic and Research Output
  3. Journal articles
  4. Digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for high-speed scanning probe microscopy
 
research article

Digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for high-speed scanning probe microscopy

Dukic, Maja  
•
Todorov, Vencislav
•
Andany, Santiago
Show more
2017
Review of Scientific Instruments

Nearly all scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) contain a feedback controller, which is used to move the scanner in the direction of the z-axis in order to maintain a constant setpoint based on the tip-sample interaction. The most frequently used feedback controller in SPMs is the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The bandwidth of the PI controller presents one of the speed limiting factors in high-speed SPMs, where higher bandwidths enable faster scanning speeds and higher imaging resolution. Most SPM systems use digital signal processor-based PI feedback controllers, which require analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters. These converters introduce additional feedback delays which limit the achievable imaging speed and resolution. In this paper, we present a digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The controller implementation allows tunability of the PID gains over a large amplification and frequency range, while also providing precise control of the system and reproducibility of the gain parameters. By using the analog PID controller, we were able to perform successful atomic force microscopy imaging of a standard silicon calibration grating at line rates up to several kHz.

  • Files
  • Details
  • Metrics
Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Name

Digitally controlled analog proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for high-speed scanning probe microscopy.pdf

Type

Postprint

Version

http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa

Access type

openaccess

Size

1.3 MB

Format

Adobe PDF

Checksum (MD5)

62495322920621931f6b04b44bf4af80

Logo EPFL, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
  • Contact
  • infoscience@epfl.ch

  • Follow us on Facebook
  • Follow us on Instagram
  • Follow us on LinkedIn
  • Follow us on X
  • Follow us on Youtube
AccessibilityLegal noticePrivacy policyCookie settingsEnd User AgreementGet helpFeedback

Infoscience is a service managed and provided by the Library and IT Services of EPFL. © EPFL, tous droits réservés