The present invention relates to an agent or composition comprising at least one of: (i) a micro-RNA targeting a mitophagy-associated gene or a variant thereof, (ii) a vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding said micro-RNA or variant thereof, (iii) an inducer of said micro-RNA, and (iv) an inhibitor of said micro-RNA, for use as a medicament. In particular, the invention relates to substances and compositions useful in the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases, in a subject, or to enhance protocols of in vitro production of red blood cells.