Rocha, Andrea Liviade Lima, Tanes Imamurade Souza, Gerson ProfetaCorrea, Renan OliveiraFerrucci, Danilo LopesRodrigues, BrunoLopes-Ramos, CamilaNilsson, DanielKnittel, Thiago LeiteCastro, Pollyana RibeiroFernandes, Mariane FontMartins, Flaviano Dos SantosParmigiani, Raphael BessaSilveira, Leonardo ReisCarvalho, Hernandes F.Auwerx, JohanVinolo, Marco Aurelio R.Boucher, JeremieMori, Marcelo A.2021-01-132021-01-132021-01-132020-12-0110.1126/sciadv.abc6250https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/174670WOS:000596477400023MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in oxidative metabolism and brown/beige adipocyte identity. Here, we tested whether widespread changes in miRNA expression promoted by treatment with the small-molecule enoxacin cause browning and prevent obesity. Enoxacin mitigated diet-induced obesity in mice, and this was associated with increased energy expenditure. Consistently, subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscle of enoxacin-treated mice had higher levels of markers associated with thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism. These effects were cell autonomous since they were recapitulated in vitro in m urine and human cell models. In preadipocytes, enoxacin led to a reduction of miR-34a-5p expression and up-regulation of its target genes (e.g., Fgfr1, Klb, and Sirt1), thus increasing FGF21 signaling and promoting beige adipogenesis. Our data demonstrate that enoxacin counteracts obesity by promoting thermogenic signaling and inducing oxidative metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a mechanism that involves, at least in part, miRNA-mediated regulation.Multidisciplinary SciencesScience & Technology - Other Topicsrna interferenceppar-gammafatgrowthstressmicefluoroquinolonesdifferentiationactivationadipocytestext::journal::journal article::research article