Lack, D. A.Cappa, C. D.Langridge, J.Bahreini, R.Buffaloe, G.Brock, C.Cerully, K.Coffman, D.Hayden, K.Holloway, J.Lerner, B.Massoli, P.Li, S.-M.McLaren, R.Middlebrook, A. M.Moore, R.Nenes, AthanasiosNuaaman, I.Onasch, T. B.Peischl, J.Perring, A.Quinn, P. K.Ryerson, T.Schwartz, J. P.Spackman, R.Wofsy, S. C.Worsnop, D.Xiang, B.Williams, E.2018-10-152018-10-152018-10-15201110.1021/es2013424https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/148999Atmospheric emissions of gas and particulate matter from a large ocean-going container vessel were sampled as it slowed and switched from high-sulfur to low-sulfur fuel as it transited into regulated coastal waters of California. Reduction in emission factors (EFs) of sulfur dioxide (SO 2), particulate matter, particulate sulfate and cloud condensation nuclei were substantial (≥90%). EFs for particulate organic matter decreased by 70%. Black carbon (BC) EFs were reduced by 41%. When the measured emission reductions, brought about by compliance with the California fuel quality regulation and participation in the vessel speed reduction (VSR) program, are placed in a broader context, warming from reductions in the indirect effect of SO 4 would dominate any radiative changes due to the emissions changes. Within regulated waters absolute emission reductions exceed 88% for almost all measured gas and particle phase species. The analysis presented provides direct estimations of the emissions reductions that can be realized by California fuel quality regulation and VSR program, in addition to providing new information relevant to potential health and climate impact of reduced fuel sulfur content, fuel quality and vessel speed reductions. © 2011 American Chemical Society.Atmospheric emissionBlack carbonCaliforniaClimate impactsCloud condensation nucleiCoastal watersContainer vesselEmission factorsEmission reductionEmissions reductionFuel qualityFuel sulfurIndirect effectsParticle phaseParticulate MatterParticulate organic mattersPotential healthShipping emissionsSpeed reductionVessel speedAir qualityBiological materialsEmission controlFuelsGas emissionsSailing vesselsSulfurSulfur dioxideParticulate emissionsblack carbonfuelorganic mattersulfatesulfur dioxideair qualityatmospheric pollutionblack carbonclimate effectcloud condensation nucleuscoastal zonecontainer shipfossil fuelmaritime transportationparticulate organic mattersulfur dioxidetraffic emissionair pollution controlair qualityarticleclimatemathematical computingparticulate matterAir PollutionCaliforniaClimateParticulate MatterShipsSulfur DioxideVehicle EmissionsCaliforniaUnited Statestext::journal::journal article::research article