von Gunten, U.Gujer, W.2011-07-012011-07-012011-07-01200310.1016/S0043-1354(02)00456-6https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/69241WOS:000181592800023Disinfection of some microorganisms is characterized by a lag-phase (a minimum required ozone exposure until disinfection occurs). This phenomenon is easy to model in laboratory batch reactors but not in continuous flow mixed reactors. This paper introduces a stochastic disinfection model where individual microorganisms are followed on their paths through full-scale reactors. Combining exponentially distributed transport processes with delayed exponential disinfection kinetics for large populations of microorganisms (up to 10,000 individuals) yields predictions which can be evaluated statistically. It could be shown that deterministic models work well for systems with good disinfection performance (more than 2 log units reduction of active microorganisms), for reactors with poor performance stochastic models have to be applied.disinfectionozonestochastic modelCryptosporidium parvum oocystsBacillus subtilis sporesdisinfection lag-phaseInactivationtext::journal::journal article::research article