Leonard, J.Portuondo-Campa, E.Cannizzo, A.Van Mourik, F.Tittor, J.Haacke, S.Chergui, M.2011-03-092011-03-092011-03-09200910.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_176https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/65213The comparison between UV transient absorption spectra of wild type bacteriorhodopsin and two tryptophan-mutant proteins gives evidence for the possibility to use tryptophans as ultrafast probes for the photo-induced dipole moment change in retinal proteins.BacteriorhodopsinTryptophan Residues as Natural Ultrafast Voltmeters in Retinal Proteinstext::book/monograph::book part or chapter