Marti, A.Lange, N.Van den Bergh, H.Sedmera, D.Jichlinski, P.Kucera, P.2007-07-202007-07-202007-07-20199910.1016/S0022-5347(05)68625-9https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/9640PURPOSE: To optimize conditions for photodynamic detection (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bladder carcinoma, urothelial accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and conditions leading to cell photodestruction were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Porcine and human bladder mucosae were superfused with derivatives of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). PpIX accumulation and distribution across the mucosa was studied by microspectrofluorometry. Cell viability and structural integrity were assessed by using vital dyes and microscopy. RESULTS: ALA esters, especially hexyl-ALA, accelerated and regularized urothelial PpIX accumulation and allowed for necrosis upon illumination. CONCLUSIONS: hexyl-ALA used at micromolar concentrations is the most efficient PpIX precursor for PDD and PDT.Photomedicine group106-60-5 (Aminolevulinic Acid); 553-12-8 (protoporphyrin IX)text::journal::journal article::research article