Quiros, Pedro M.Mottis, AdrienneAuwerx, Johan2016-07-192016-07-192016-07-19201610.1038/nrm.2016.23https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/127374WOS:000372507200007Mitochondria participate in crucial cellular processes such as energy harvesting and intermediate metabolism. Although mitochondria possess their own genome - a vestige of their bacterial origins and endosymbiotic evolution - most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus. The expression of the mitochondrial proteome hence requires tight coordination between the two genomes to adapt mitochondrial function to the ever-changing cellular milieu. In this Review, we focus on the pathways that coordinate the communication between mitochondria and the nucleus during homeostasis and mitochondrial stress. These pathways include nucleus-to-mitochondria (anterograde) and mitochondria-to-nucleus (retrograde) communication, mitonuclear feedback signalling and proteostasis regulation, the integrated stress response and non-cell-autonomous communication. We discuss how mitonuclear communication safeguards cellular and organismal fitness and regulates lifespan.text::journal::journal article::review article