Kim, MinjinJeong, JaekiLu, HaizhouLee, Tae KyungEickemeyer, Felix T.Liu, YuhangChoi, In WooChoi, Seung JuJo, YimhyunKim, Hak-BeomMo, Sung-InKim, Young-KiLee, HeunjeongAn, Na GyeongCho, ShinukTress, Wolfgang R.Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.Hagfeldt, AndersKim, Jin YoungGratzel, MichaelKim, Dong Suk2022-02-282022-02-282022-02-282022-01-2110.1126/science.abh1885https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/185892WOS:000745036100030Improvements to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have focused on increasing their power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability and maintaining high performance upon scale-up to module sizes. We report that replacing the commonly used mesoporous-titanium dioxide electron transport layer (ETL) with a thin layer of polyacrylic acid-stabilized tin(IV) oxide quantum dots (paa-QD-SnO2) on the compact-titanium dioxide enhanced light capture and largely suppressed nonradiative recombination at the ETL-perovskite interface. The use of paa-QD-SnO2 as electron-selective contact enabled PSCs (0.08 square centimeters) with a PCE of 25.7% (certified 25.4%) and high operational stability and facilitated the scale-up of the PSCs to larger areas. PCEs of 23.3, 21.7, and 20.6% were achieved for PSCs with active areas of 1, 20, and 64 square centimeters, respectively.Multidisciplinary SciencesScience & Technology - Other Topicsconformal tin oxidehigh performance perovskite solar cellsperovskite mini modulestext::journal::journal article::research article