Peng, G.Ludwig, C.Vogel, F.2016-12-212016-12-212016-12-21201710.1016/j.apcatb.2016.09.011https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/132139WOS:000388052100025Continuous catalytic supercritical water gasification (CSCWG; 400 degrees C, 28 MPa) of microalgal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris) was carried out at the microalgae production site of ZHAW in Wadenswil (Switzerland) non-stop over a period of 100 h. Characterization of the spent catalyst showed that mainly sulfur poisoning, and to a lesser extent coking, salt deposits, and some sintering of the Ru nanoparticles were responsible for the deactivation of the catalyst after 55 h of time on-stream. The commercial zinc oxide adsorbent exhibited a high mechanical stability and good sulfur adsorption performance under supercritical water conditions although its specific surface area collapsed. In summary, the use of a zinc oxide adsorbent upstream of the catalyst bed, together with a higher ruthenium loading of the catalyst, improved the long-term performance of the CSCWG process significantly. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.MethaneRuthenium on carbonZinc oxideSulfur poisoningCatalytic supercritical water gasificationtext::journal::journal article::research article