SHI, PENGJUDing, BinJin, DongerOner, MuratcanZhang, XuTian, YuanLi, YahuiZhao, KeSun, ZengyiXu, JiazheZhang, ShaochenLai, RunchenXiao, LingyuWang, ChenyueDeger, CanerTian, LiuwenShen, JiahuiCheng, YuanYavuz, IlhanMiao, XiaoheShi, EnzhengYang, DerenDing, YongNazeeruddin, Mohammad Khajawang, ruiXue, Jingjing2025-01-282025-01-282025-01-272024-11-0910.1038/s41467-024-53953-4https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/245858WOS:00135165810000439516477Suppression of energy disorders in the vertical direction of a photovoltaic device, along which charge carriers are forced to travel, has been extensively studied to reduce unproductive charge recombination and thus achieve high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In contrast, energy disorders in the lateral direction of the junction for large-area modules are largely overlooked. Herein, we show that the micro-inhomogeneity characteristics in the surface lateral energetics of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite films also significantly influence the device performance, particularly with accounting for the stability and scale-up aspects of the devices. By using organic amidinium passivators, instead of the most commonly used organic ammonium ones, the micro-inhomogeneity in the lateral energy landscapes can be suppressed, greatly improving device stability and efficiency of FA-based single-junction perovskite solar cells. The energy disorders in the lateral direction of the junction in large-area photovoltaic modules are largely overlooked. Here, authors employ organic amidinium passivators to suppress the micro-inhomogeneity in the lateral energy landscapes and achieve high performance stable perovskite solar cells.EnglishHIGHLY EFFICIENTRECOMBINATIONBANDGAPScience & Technologytext::journal::journal article::research article