Magnenat-Thalmann, N.Primeau, E.Thalmann, D.2007-01-162007-01-162007-01-16198810.1007/BF01914864https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/238890A new way of controlling human face animation and synchronizing speech is proposed. It is based on the concept of abstract muscle action procedure (AMA procedure). An AMA procedure is a specialized procedure which simulates the specific action of a face muscle. The paper describes the new technique and presents a methodology for animating the face of synthetic actors based on three levels: the AMA-procedure level, the expression level and the script level. The role of multiple tracks is also emphasized. Practical examples are also explained in detail, based on the film Rendez-vous a Montreal with the synthetic actors Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogartartbiomechanicscomputer graphicsentertainmenttext::journal::journal article::research article